P’s salary is 20% lower than Q’s salary which is 20% lower than R’s salary. By how much percent is R’s salary more than P’s salary?

Correct Option (2)

To determine the percentage by which R's salary is more than P's salary, we establish a base value for R's salary and calculate P's salary sequentially.

• Assume R's salary = 100 units.
• Q's salary is 20% lower than R's salary.
• Q's salary = 100 - (0.20 × 100) = 100 - 20 = 80 units.
• P's salary is 20% lower than Q's salary.
• P's salary = 80 - (0.20 × 80) = 80 - 16 = 64 units.
• The difference between R's salary and P's salary = 100 - 64 = 36 units.
• The required percentage by which R's salary is more than P's salary is calculated relative to P's salary.
• Required percentage = $\frac{\text{Difference}}{\text{P’s salary}}\times 100$
• Required percentage = $\frac{36}{64}\times 100=0.5625\times 100=56.25\mathrm{\%}$.

Incorrect Options:

Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect as they do not correspond to the calculated percentage increase of R's salary over P's salary, which is 56.25%.