Reasoning : Logical Reasoning & Analytical Ability

Q 292 / 325

UPSC CSE Prelims 2012

Read the passage given below and the two statements that follow (given on the basis of the passage):

Four men are waiting at Delhi airport for a Mumbai flight. Two are doctors and the other two ace businessmen. Two speak Gujarati and two speak Tamil. No two of the same profession speak the same language. Two are Muslims and two are Christians. No two of the same religion are of the same profession, nor do they speak the same language. The Tamil-speaking doctor is a Christian.

  1. The Christian-businessman speaks Gujarati.
  2. The Gujarati-speaking doctor is a Muslim.

Which of the above statements is/are correct conclusion/conclusions?

EXPLANATION

Correct Option (3)

Both 1 and 2

Explanation

To determine the correctness of the statements, we systematically deduce the attributes of each individual based on the given constraints:

  • There are four men: two doctors (D), two businessmen (B), two Gujarati speakers (G), two Tamil speakers (T), two Muslims (M), and two Christians (C).
  • Constraint 1: No two of the same profession speak the same language.
  • Constraint 2: No two of the same religion are of the same profession.
  • Constraint 3: No two of the same religion speak the same language.
  • Given: The Tamil-speaking doctor is a Christian. Let's denote this individual as D1 (Doctor, Tamil, Christian).

From D1 (Doctor, Tamil, Christian):

  • Other Doctor (D2): By Constraint 1, since D1 is a Tamil-speaking doctor, the other doctor (D2) must speak Gujarati. (D2: Doctor, Gujarati, ?)
  • Christian Businessman (B1): By Constraint 2, since D1 is a Christian doctor, the other Christian cannot be a doctor. Thus, the other Christian must be a businessman. (B1: Businessman, ?, Christian)
  • Language of Christian Businessman (B1): By Constraint 3, since D1 is a Christian and speaks Tamil, the other Christian (B1) cannot speak Tamil. Therefore, B1 must speak Gujarati. (B1: Businessman, Gujarati, Christian)

Now we have partially identified three individuals:

  • D1: Doctor, Tamil, Christian
  • D2: Doctor, Gujarati, ?
  • B1: Businessman, Gujarati, Christian

Let's complete the attributes for the remaining individuals:

  • Religions: We have two Christians (D1 and B1). The remaining two individuals (D2 and the second businessman, B2) must be Muslims.
    • D2: Doctor, Gujarati, Muslim
    • B2: Businessman, ?, Muslim
  • Languages: We have one Tamil speaker (D1) and two Gujarati speakers (D2 and B1). The remaining individual (B2) must speak Tamil.
    • B2: Businessman, Tamil, Muslim

The complete set of attributes for the four individuals is:

  • Individual 1: Doctor, Tamil, Christian
  • Individual 2: Doctor, Gujarati, Muslim
  • Individual 3: Businessman, Gujarati, Christian
  • Individual 4: Businessman, Tamil, Muslim

Now, let's evaluate the given statements:

Statement 1: The Christian-businessman speaks Gujarati.

  • Based on our deduction, the Christian businessman (Individual 3) is indeed Gujarati-speaking.
  • Therefore, Statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2: The Gujarati-speaking doctor is a Muslim.

  • Based on our deduction, the Gujarati-speaking doctor (Individual 2) is indeed a Muslim.
  • Therefore, Statement 2 is correct.

Since both statements 1 and 2 are correct, option 3 is the correct conclusion.

Incorrect Options

Options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect because the detailed logical deduction demonstrates that both statement 1 and statement 2 are accurate conclusions derived from the provided passage and constraints. Therefore, selecting only one statement or neither of them would be inconsistent with the derived facts.